• 专利附录
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    • 专利摘要:
    capture and control electronics for an electrical grid protection system. these are systems and a method for detecting potentially harmful direct current and harmonic signals in a transformer. such a system includes a plurality of detection components electrically connected to the electrical signal lines exiting one or more connection points in an electrical grid and a plurality of limit detectors, each limit detector being configured to compare an input signal from a detection component to a predetermined signal that has a limit. the system also includes a controller that receives an emission from each of the plurality of limit detectors and is configured to drive at least one external component in response to receiving an indication from at least one of the plurality limit detectors of a signal detected above a threshold.
    公开号:BR112013001343B1
    申请号:R112013001343-5
    申请日:2011-07-20
    公开日:2020-02-27
    发明作者:Frederick R. Faxvog；Wallace Jensen；Terrence R. Noe；Craig Eid；David Blake Jackson；Greg Fuchs；Gale Nordling
    申请人:Emprimus, Llc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Invention Patent Descriptive Report for SYSTEM TO DETECT POTENTIALLY HARMFUL ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNS, INCLUDING HIGH CONTINUOUS CHAINS IN A TRANSFORMER NEUTRAL AND HARMONICS OF A PRIMARY POWER FREQUENCY, AND AUTOMATIC DETECTOR OF EMOTIONAL DETECTORS FOR AUTOTTING AUTOMOTIVE DETECTORS. TRANSFORMER.
    [0001] This application was filed on July 20, 2011, as an international PCT patent application in the name of Emprimus, Inc., a US national company, depositor for designation of all countries except the USA, and Frederick R. Faxvog, Wallace Jensen, Terrence R. Noe, Craig Eid, David Blake Jackson, Greg Fuchs and Gale Nordling, all US citizens, depositors for US designation only.
    Cross Reference to Related Orders [0002] This order claims priority for the Order for
    Patent Provisional under No. US 61 / 366,081, filed on July 20, 2010, and entitled Storm Geomagnetic sensor for Protecting Electric Systems, whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
    Field of the Technique [0003] The present disclosure refers in general to a high voltage transformer protection system, in particular, the present disclosure refers to a control system that can be used to protect high voltage transformers, equipment power, electronics and computing systems.
    Background [0004] Electrical equipment, and in particular electrical equipment that operates using alternating current, is subject to
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    2/30 to the variation of input signals and conditions. In typical arrangements, alternating current devices in the United States are expected to receive a 60 Hz power line source (or 50 Hz in Europe) that has a predetermined magnitude (for example, 120 Volts in North America or 240 Volts in Europe). Although these power sources can vary relatively, devices made for use with a particular current can withstand some slight variations in the received power signal.
    [0005] In some cases, a power signal can vary widely due to external or harmonic conditions. External conditions that can cause harmonic or near continuous (DC) currents in a power signal include geomagnetic storms or effects of electrical equipment. Such events can cause the input voltage and current (and the resulting power) of a power signal to vary dramatically, causing a potential for damage to the electrical equipment that receives that power signal. Geomagnetic storms or the E3 pulse associated with a high amplitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) can induce DC or near DC currents called Geometric Induction Currents (GIC) in high voltage power generation, transmission and distribution system components. , that is, power transmission lines and power transformers. These DC currents can cause half-cycle saturation in power transformer cores which, in turn, can result in excessive reactive power losses, heating, damage and / or failure of such a transformer, particularly in older or poorly maintained transformers. . In addition, half-cycle saturation can cause the generation of harmonics of the main frequency (50 or 60 Hz). This harmonic content can cause power system relays to be triggered, which can decouple the required compensation components. That,
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    3/30 in turn can result in the collapse of large or local portions of an electrical grid.
    [0006] Approximately over the past two decades, several suggested approaches to reduce induced currents GIC or HEMP (E3) in power systems have been proposed. These solutions generally take one of a few forms. A first class of solutions uses a capacitive circuit to simultaneously supply the AC ground path and a block for DC inductive currents. These solutions, in general, include a set of switches that allow switching between a normal grounded transformer connection and grounding through the capacitive circuit. These solutions may unintentionally allow the opening of ground connections to the transformer neutral, or require expensive electronics to deal with ground fault conditions. These capacitive circuit solutions may require readjusting the power system retransmission settings, compared to current operating parameters.
    [0007] A second class of solutions, in general, includes the continued use of active components used to potentially reduce harmful GIC events from DC or near-DC currents in the transformer neutral to earth connection. These solutions typically require expensive power equipment and are constantly active, so any failure could make these systems unreliable. In addition, when this solution is initially installed in the power system, many retransmissions / breaks may require readjustment of its definitions.
    [0008] A third class of solutions, in general, uses a resistive approach in which fixed-value resistors are used to continuously reduce the DC current in the neutral to earth connection of a transformer; however in these approaches, the tipi resistor
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    4/30 should have a high resistance value and can only be reduced without eliminating neutral DC or near DC current. In addition, during the installation of these solution classes, a readjustment of the power system's retransmission settings may be required. As such, there is no solution that provides a reliable and low-cost protection circuit compatible with power distribution systems. Furthermore, there is no system that can be tested or trusted to control such a protection system that may not require substantial maintenance on site.
    [0009] Several suggested approaches have been proposed to reduce or block the induced currents GIC or E3 in power systems. However, none of these systems provides a comprehensive provision for dealing with the various types of potentially damaging decisions that can occur. In particular, there is no known approach that uses a capture and control system that first captures the presence of GIC or E3 events and then switches a DC blocking device to protect against high voltage transformers.
    [00010] For these and other reasons, improvements are desirable.
    Summary [00011] According to the following disclosure, the above and other issues can be addressed as follows:
    [00012] In a first aspect, a capture and control system for use with an electrical protection circuit is revealed. The system includes a plurality of detection components configured to detect harmful harmonics and DC or near-DC currents in a transformer power line or EMP and IEMI environmental events. These detection components can include, but are not limited to: a harmonic analyzer, a resistor in
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    5/30 derivation electrically connected between the transformer neutral and the ground, the Hall Effect current sensor electrically connected between the transformer neutral and the ground and an electromagnetic field detector positioned external to the shielded enclosure. The system further includes a plurality of limit detectors configured to compare a signal from a detection component to an adjustable predetermined signal, wherein a limit detector sends a signal indication to a controller when the signal from the detection component exceeds the predetermined signal value. The controller, also positioned in the shielded enclosure, is configured to open a normally closed switch in an external protection circuit by receiving a signal indication from at least one of a plurality of limit detectors. The controller also includes a control input where the control input is received from a remote power system operator in the shielded enclosure. The controller is further configured to perform one or more self-test procedures configured to simulate potentially harmful signals to determine if the system is functioning correctly. In some embodiments, the controller is configured to open the normally closed switch in response to receiving a signal from the remote power system operator of the shielded enclosure (for example, a control system). The system optionally includes a shielded housing configured to protect electrical components from electromagnetic pulse (EMP) and / or Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI). In such optional arrangements, filters are positioned along the inner periphery of the shielded housing, configured to prevent high frequency, high-power electromagnetic signals from entering the shielded housing and potentially harmful electrical components. [00013] In a second aspect, a capture and control system for use with an electrical protection circuit is revealed. The sis
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    6/30 theme includes a shielded enclosure configured to protect electrical components from electromagnetic pulse (EMP) and / or Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI). The filters are positioned along the inner periphery of the shielded housing, configured to prevent high frequency, high-power electromagnetic signals from entering the shielded housing and potentially harmful electrical components. The system also includes at least one harmonic analyzer positioned in the shielded housing, configured to detect harmful harmonics in a transformer power line. The system also includes at least one limit detector configured to compare a signal from a harmonic analyzer to an adjustable predetermined signal, in which the limit detector sends a signal indication to a controller when the signal from the harmonic analyzer exceeds the predetermined signal value. The controller, also positioned in the shielded enclosure, is configured to open a normally closed switch in an external protection circuit by receiving a signal indication from at least one of the limit detectors. The controller also includes a control input where the control input is received from a remote power system operator in the shielded enclosure.
    [00014] In a third aspect, a method to detect power harmonics in a transformer is revealed. The method includes receiving a power line signal within a shielded enclosure and generating a total harmonic distortion value based on the power line signal. The method also includes comparing the total harmonic distortion value to a predetermined limit value on a limit detector and generating a switch control output when detecting a total harmonic distortion value above a predetermined value, where the control output of switch opens a normally closed switch positioned between a transformer neutral and
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    7/30 a ground connection.
    [00015] In an additional aspect, a method for self-testing a capture and control system is revealed. The method includes applying an alternating current signal to a transformer, the alternating current signal that has a frequency different from the frequency of the power system and that measures the functionality and magnitude of the blocking characteristic (for example, impedance) of a component of DC lockout (DC) based on a known amplitude of the alternating current test signal and a current measurement through the DC lockout component. The method further includes comparing the magnitude of the blocking characteristic of the DC locking component to an expected value to determine the precise operation of the DC locking component. The method also includes applying a harmonic test signal to a power line signal, the harmonic signal that has an amplitude above the predetermined limit defined by a limit detector associated with a harmonic analyzer, the limit that defines a range of amplitudes . The method also includes analyzing the harmonic test signal on the harmonic analyzer to determine whether the harmonic analyzer detects the presence of the harmonic test signal. The method also includes applying a direct current voltage (DC) signal to the transformer neutral to simulate direct current flowing between the transformer neutral and a ground; and apply an electromagnetic detector (EM) signal, the EM signal having an amplitude above the predetermined limit defined by a limit detector, which limit defines a range of amplitudes.
    Brief Description of the Drawings [00016] Figure 1 is a schematic front view of the capture and control electronics connected to an exemplary modality of a high voltage transformer environment.
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    8/30 [00017] Figure 2 illustrates an example of an electrical protection circuit external to the control system of the present disclosure.
    [00018] Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary modality of a capture and control system connected to a continuous grounding system that includes an exemplary modality of an electrical protection circuit.
    [00019] Figure 4 is an example of the capture and control system contained within a shielded enclosure that includes an external electromagnetic field detector.
    [00020] Figure 5 is an exemplary modality of the capture and control system contained within a shielded enclosure.
    [00021] Figure 6 is an example of the harmonic analyzer contained within the capture and control system.
    [00022] Figure 7 is another example of the harmonic analyzer contained within the capture and control system.
    [00023] Figure 8 is another example of the harmonic analyzer contained within the capture and control system.
    [00024] Figure 9 illustrates an exemplary modality of a limit detector circuit contained within the capture and control system.
    [00025] Figure 10 illustrates an exemplary modality of capture and control electronics that includes self-test functionality.
    Detailed Description [00026] In general, the present disclosure describes systems and methods to detect harmful DC or near-DC currents which cause harmonic content in a power line and to control a switch assembly in an electrical protection circuit to protect high voltage transformers. voltage and other electrical equipment
    Petition 870190088627, of 09/09/2019, p. 12/60
    9/30 from harmful DC or near DC currents. Large neutral DC currents and harmonic voltages can be the result of geomagnetic (solar) storms, high altitude electromagnetic E3 pulse (HEMP-E3) or other electrical equipment, such as switching power supplies, arc welding equipment, plasma, electrical discharge machining equipment, arc lamps, etc., which are both electrical grid or local power circuit. In general, the present disclosure describes methods and systems to capture the harmonic content of a 50 Hz or 60 Hz power line source, potentially damaging neutral DC currents, and to control the equipment to be switched to a protective mode of operation if such harmonic or CD currents are detected.
    [00027] The protection of high voltage power systems from GIC (solar storms) and EMP and E3 pulses are achieved with the use of a system that detects damage in DC currents in a power line signal and high and external electromagnetic events . The capture systems disclosed here provide electronics used to detect the presence of DC currents in the neutral connection of high and very high voltage power transformers. The capture system can additionally include a harmonic distortion sensor, or total harmonic (HD or THD) that captures harmonics in the power line signal that are caused by a DC current and half-wave saturation in the transformer winding. The capture systems can additionally include an electromagnetic field detector that detects external electromagnetic pulse (EMP) events. The capture systems can additionally include a detector that computes current through a shunt resistor or Hall Effect current sensor that is electrically connected to the transformer neutral. The present disclosure also includes a system
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    10/30 control that sends signals to an electrical protection circuit to control the operation of a switch assembly in a DC lock assembly contained in the electrical protection circuit. The control system controls a switch in an electrical protection circuit to protect high voltage transformers from geomagnetic inductive currents and EMP (E3 pulse). A DC blocking component (which includes one or more capacitors, resistors or combinations thereof) is wired in the electrical protection circuit to provide an uninterrupted AC ground path for high power systems, for example, for neutral Y set for high transformers or autotransformers. A second parallel ground path provides, under normal operation, a low impedance, standard ground path through a closed switch assembly.
    [00028] Figure 1 is a schematic front view of the exemplary electrical equipment protected according to the characteristics of the present disclosure and a physical template of certain components of the present disclosure. In the embodiment shown, a piece of electrical equipment, shown as a high voltage transformer 100, is electrically connected to an electrical protection circuit 102. Electrical protection circuit 102 may, for example, include at least a portion of the devices described below, according to the modalities shown in Figures 2 to 9. The high voltage transformer 100 is typically mounted on a concrete base. An electrical protection circuit 102 is electrically connected to the high voltage transformer 100 as discussed above, fitted in a housing and placed on the electrically grounded support 103. In addition, to protect against GIC events, all control electronics (semiconductor devices ) are included in an electrically filtered and shielded EMP / IEMI 104
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    11/30 electrically to electrical protection circuit 102 and high voltage transformer 100 and includes switching and pickup control circuitry 105. It should be noted that without the shielded and filtered housing 104 the system is able to protect transformers against events of GIC and EMP E3, but cannot manage against EMP El, E2 and IEMI pulse threats.
    [00029] In certain embodiments, the electrical protection circuit 102 includes the switch assemblies and DC blocking components discussed in Figures 2 to 3, while the control system 104 contains a set of switching and pickup actuation circuits as illustrated in the Figures 3 to 10, below. However, other component arrangements for an electrical protection device can be provided.
    [00030] Now, with reference to Figure 2, a first generalized modality of an electrical protection circuit 200 that can be used with the capture and control electronics of the present disclosure, is shown. Circuit 200 is generally connected between a transformer neutral 10 of a transformer 12 (shown as a Y-transformer in the mode shown) and an electrical ground 14. The electrical protection circuit 200 includes a switch assembly 202 that includes an electrically controlled switch 204 connected between transformer neutral 10 and ground 14. A shunt resistor 206 can be connected between switch 204 and ground 14, which can be used to capture DC current that passes between transformer neutral 10 and ground 14. In certain embodiments, shunt resistor 206 typically must have a low resistance, on the order of a few milliohms, to allow for a low impedance ground connection through the switches. In another embodiment, the shunt resistor 206 can be replaced by a Hall effect current sensor or another non-contact current sensor. Additionally, a switch
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    12/30 electrically controlled high voltage grounding pain 208 can be connected between transformer neutral 10 and switch 204, for example, to protect switch 204 from high voltages during a ground fault event. In some modalities, the ground 14 can be connected to a station grounding grid, while in other modalities it can be connected to the transformer housing which is in turn grounded.
    [00031] Switch 204 can be any one of a variety of fast acting, electrically controlled switches, such as a high voltage circuit breaker. In the mode shown, switch 204 is a normally closed connection that can be opened quickly through an electrical control input. The set of exemplary control and capture circuits that can be connected to the control input is further discussed in connection with Figures 3 to 10, below.
    [00032] A DC 210 blocking component is connected in parallel with switch assembly 202 between transformer neutral 10 and ground 14. As further explained in the examples below, the DC 210 blocking component can include one or more dc blocking devices (eg capacitors or resistors) are able to insert some blocking of a current path between ground 14 and transformer neutral 10, to avoid damaging dc or near dc earth currents in transformer neutral 10 , which in turn can cause possible damage to the transformer 12. Depending on the specific request, a capacitive or resistive blocking device (or a combination thereof) 210 could be used in the protection circuit 302. Furthermore, in certain modes, the DC 210 blocking component is wired to ground 14, thus providing an AC ground for the transformer (or other power component) even if it switches them pain 204 and
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    13/30
    208 inadvertently malfunction.
    [00033] In normal operation, transformer neutral 10 is grounded via switch assembly 202. That is, switch assembly 202, further including switch 204 and high voltage ground switch 208, is normally in a closed position. This corresponds to the standard ground configuration used by the utility; consequently, a grounding system as disclosed here, does not require readjustments to the utility electrical equipment to which it is connected before use. In this first mode of operation, the DC 210 blocking component is not energized, because the switching assembly creates a short circuit around it. If a ground fault is detected while operating in this normal operating mode (without GIC), grounding via the switch assembly will handle the ground fault current until the power system relays isolate the faulty equipment. When the presence of high-power harmonics or near-DC current is detected in the neutral to ground the connection, the switch assembly is opened by the GIC capture and control electronics. In this second mode of operation the DC blocking component 210 provides AC ground for the transformer neutral. This operating mode protects against DC or near-DC currents associated with other GIC or EMP E3 events. This GIC protective mode remains operational until a power system operator at a remote location declares the event is over and closes switch assembly 202 normally.
    [00034] In some embodiments, to take into account an extremely unlikely event in which a GIC and ground fault can occur simultaneously, a 212 surge arrester, sometimes known as a varistor or a MOV (metal oxide varistor) or another device that discharges the overvoltage
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    14/30 are, can actuate to protect the locking components 210. The switch assembly 208 to close again by a signal a of a relay that detects fault current through the transformer neutral current transformer 214 which in turn in turn activates the high voltage switch 208 to close again. Therefore, surge arrester 212 provides initial grounding within a cycle of ground fault and even switch assembly 202 can be closed again. It can be noted that the probability of this simultaneous event (GIC and ground fault) is so small that, in practice, it may never occur in the system's lifetime.
    [00035] To reduce the cost of the surge arrester
    212, it may be desirable to use a low-cost surge arrester that is a lossy device, so that it only protects one event and then requires replacement. After the surge arrester is sacrificed, it, due to its design, becomes a short circuit to ground. A second option is to incorporate additional surge arresters into the initial installation with switches so that if the first surge arrester is sacrificed, a second can be switched as a replacement as needed. A third option is to incorporate a very heavy duct surge arrester into the initial installation that will ensure that the surge arrester will withstand many earth fault events without fail.
    [00036] When opening the switch assembly, the DC blocking component 210 shown in Figure 2 provides the AC ground path for transformer neutral 10, while simultaneously blocking or reducing the DC or near DC induced by a geomagnetic storm or EMP E3 event. Blocking both DCs protects transformer 12 from penetrating half-cycle saturation
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    15/30 which in turn can cause loss of excessive reactive power to the transformer, overheating, damage or even failure. Additionally, blocking the DC also prevents the generation of harmonics in the power system, which in turn can prevent the activation of power relays, the disconnection of the power compensation components, excessive reactive power load and potentially the collapse or the small or of the large portion of the electric grid.
    [00037] In addition, to increase the reliability of the DC 210 blocking component, both a parallel bank of multiple capacitors or resistors can be used so that if one or more of these capacitors or resistors fail the others will still be available as components of block.
    [00038] Additionally, and as further described below, to protect against the El and E2 portions of an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) and / or Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI), all sensitive electronics for capturing and controlling such a system can be placed in an electrically shielded and filtered enclosure, such as the enclosure containing control system 104 in Figure 1. All components that are not housed in the shielded enclosure do not contain sensitive semiconductor electronics and therefore would survive both an EMP event and an IEMI event. In an alternative modality where the capture and control electronics are not placed in an electrically shielded and filtered housing, the transformer will still be protected against GIC induced by geomagnetic. Additional details regarding the contents of such an enclosure are discussed in more detail below.
    [00039] In various modalities, different types of electrical protection circuits could be used. In exemplary embodiments, electrical protection circuitry could include those described in the copending US Application No. 13 / 159,374, entitled
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    16/30
    Continuous Uninterruptable AC Grounding System for Power System Protection, the description of which is fully incorporated herein by reference.
    [00040] Referring now to Figure 3, an exemplary modality of a system 300 is shown that includes an electrical protection circuit 302 electrically connected to the capture and control system 310 of the present disclosure. In this exemplary modality, a Hall Effect current sensor could be used alternatively in place of shunt resistor 206 in Figure 2 (and current pickup device 314, described below) to measure the DC current at the transformer neutral ground to connection. In such modalities, the Hall Effect sensor could be sacrificed either by an attack by EMP or IEMI. There is also a possibility that a Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT) (not shown) connected to a phase of transformer 10, could be sacrificed in the same way by an EMP or IEMI attack.
    [00041] The pickup and control circuit 310 includes control electronics, as well as a pickup and control module 312, as well as a current pickup unit 314. A relay control circuit 316 is connected to the pickup and control electronics 312 and generates a switch control output 313 used to actuate switches 204 and 208.
    [00042] The capture and control module 312 captures harmonics that are generated in a saturated half-cycle transformer under a GIC event. For example, module 312 may include a harmonic sensor that will measure the signal from a standard capacitive voltage transformer (CVT) (not shown) that is located in one of the phases of the transformer. When the signal from either the neutral DC current or the harmonic sensor exceeds a predetermined value, a signal is sent to open the two switches in the assembly of the switch.
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    17/30 tation 202. The default values will be selected by the utility or power system engineers according to the protection requirements of each particular installation. Typical ranges for preset DC or near DC current values should be in the range of about 5 to 50 amps. Typical ranges for predefined values of harmonic power levels should be in the range of about 1% to 10% of total harmonic distortion (THD). Current pickup circuit 314 measures DC or near-DC neutral current caused by a geomagnetic storm crosses bypass resistor 206 and sends the measurement result to pickup and control module 312 to activate relay control circuit 316 as required.
    [00043] In the embodiment shown, the control circuit 310 is closed within a shielded housing 320 and includes a plurality of filters 322 positioned on a periphery of the housing 320 to prevent high frequency, high voltage electromagnetic radiation from entering the housing, thereby exposing sensitive capture electronics and controlling potential interference and damage. Filters 322 can typically be a low-pass or overpass-suppressed bandpass filter to suppress any high voltage signals entering the enclosure. In the modality shown, the shielded housing 322 is an EMP / IEMI faraday shielded housing with conductive gaskets around all door openings to provide radiation protection from electromagnetic frequencies typically from about 14 kHz to 10 GHz. Additionally, in the modality shown, a filter 322 is positioned at a power input 324, as well as a CVT input 326, operator input and output 328, switch control output 313 and current pickup input 330 that connects through the resistor sides in bypass 206. In addition, any fiber communications inside and outside the enclosure 320
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    18/30 will be filtered by a cutoff frequency penetration beyond the appropriate wave grid, which will inherently provide protection against EMP and IEMI events.
    [00044] In operation, when a GIC event is detected by control circuit 310, the DC low voltage switch, ie switch 204, will be opened by relay control circuit 316, through switch control output 313 Following this action, a signal will open the high voltage earthing switch 208. The earthing switch 208 will remain open for the duration of the geomagnetic storm event, typically on the order of a few hours a day. During this period the blocking component of DC 210, in this case capacitor 304, provides the AC ground for transformer neutral 10 of transformer 12. The reclosing of ground switch 208 will typically be controlled by the power system operator after the geomagnetic storm pass. However, some utility facilities may prefer to configure their system to automatically close the switches again, for example, after a predetermined period of time.
    [00045] To ensure that the transformer protection can continue its protection function under attack by EMP or IEMI, an Electromagnetic Field (EM), a 352 detector can be added to this protection system as shown, connecting to the electronics of capture and control 312 through a filter 322. Detector 352 resides outside housing 320 and would allow the detection of both an E2 or EMP E1 pulse and an IEMI pulse that would in turn be used to open switch assembly 202, including switches 204, 208 and, as a result, switch in the necessary transformer protection. The EM 352 detector could be mounted on top or on the side of the control housing and be connected by
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    19/30 a shielded conduit to the protected control electronics 310. [00046] In several modalities, different types of electromagnetic field detectors could be used as a 352 detector. In exemplary modalities, the electromagnetic field detectors could include those described in an order for copending patent No. US12 / 906,902 entitled Electromagnetic Field Detection Systems and Methods, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
    [00047] In operation, even if a Hall Effect sensor and / or the
    CVT (not shown) was damaged or destroyed by an electromagnetic event, the EM 352 detector would open switch assembly 202 which in turn would protect the HV 10 transformer.
    [00048] The capture and control system 310 of the present disclosure is contained within a shielded housing 320. The periphery of the shielded housing is aligned by a plurality of 322 filters which are electrically connected to the capture and control electronics 312. In some embodiments , the capture and control electronics include a harmonic analyzer 406, a plurality of limit detectors 408 and a controller 410 as shown and further described in Figure 4. The capture and control electronics 312 capture potentially harmful harmonics and / or DC currents on a power line and operate the DC switch 204 and high voltage ground switch 208 in the electrical protection circuit 302.
    [00049] Referring now to Figure 4, a first generalized modality of the capture and control system 400 of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 4 illustrates a system for detecting a variety of different types of signals potentially harmful to transformer 12 or other electrical equipment that is the subject of the present disclosure. In particular, the system includes a capture and control system 400 that detects harmonics of power, current
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    20/30 continuous (as well as near DC signals) and EMP / IEMI events in accordance with the present disclosure.
    [00050] The capture and control system 400 of the present embodiment includes a shielded housing 402 which contains a plurality of filters 404 aligned along the periphery of the shielded housing 402. The capture and control system 400 additionally contains an EM 412 field detector (for example, analogous to detector 352 in Figure 3) positioned outside the shield housing 402 and is electrically connected to a 404 filter. Each 404 filter is electrically connected to a limit detector 408a ac (collectively referred to limit 408), a harmonic analyzer 406, or directly to a controller 410. The output of the harmonic analyzer 406 is electrically connected to a limit detector 408b. Each limit detector 408a to c produces a signal for a controller 410. Controller 410 sends remote signals from the shielded housing 402 through a plurality of filters 404.
    [00051] In operation, the components in the capture and control system 400 are contained within an EMP / IEMI shielded housing 402 which is configured to protect the capture and control electronics from electromagnetic interference. The periphery of the shielded housing 402 is aligned with a plurality of low-pass or 404-bandpass filters to prevent high frequency, high-power electromagnetic signals from entering the housing would expose sensitive electronics to capture and control potential interference and damage. Filters 402 are generally analogous to filters 322 of Figure 3, described above.
    [00052] In certain embodiments, the present disclosure includes a harmonic analyzer 406 located within the shielded housing 402 as discussed in more detail below. The 406 harmonic analyzer is another example of a detection component used to detect total harmonic distortion (THD) at an input
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    21/30 transformer power line signal 12. The harmonic analyzer 406 is electrically connected to controller 410, described in more detail below.
    [00053] In the mode shown, the plurality of limit detectors 408a ac are each configured to compare an input signal indication from a detection component, such as an external electromagnetic field detector (EM) 412, for value adjustable preset limit. If the predetermined limit value is exceeded, the corresponding limit detector 408 will send a signal to a controller 410 positioned also within the shielded housing 402. The controller 410 is configured to drive at least one of the external components of the electrical protection circuit 200 such as a switch 204, as shown in Figure 3. For example, if the DC or near-DC current through a shunt resistor 206 positioned between the transformer neutral and the ground exceeds the predetermined limit value of the limit detector 408, the limit detector 408 will send an indication to controller 410. Controller 410 in turn will send a signal through a filter 404 to open the normally closed switch 204 which is located between the transformer neutral and the ground in order to protect the transformer from high voltage 12 of damage.
    [00054] In the mode shown, each of the limit detectors 408a to c can be configured to detect a different type of signal, or a received signal that has a different trigger limit. For example, limit detector 408a, which is configured to detect a predetermined direct current above a predetermined limit, can be configured to drive controller 410 when it is above a first limit, but detector 408b, which receives signals from the harmonic analyzer 406, can be configured to drive controller 410 by detecting a type di
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    22/30 signal strength, or at a different signal limit level. The same is true for limit detector 408c, which receives signals from the EM 412 field detector. In alternative modalities, additional types of potentially harmful signals can be monitored and fed to a limit detector to drive a controller 410.
    [00055] Controller 410 can be any number of circuit types programmable and configured to generate a switching output signal in response to receiving a signal from one or more limit detectors 408a-c. In some embodiments, controller 410 is a microprocessor configured to manage switching outputs based on programmable logic, based on the detection of a signal from both a limit detector and a control input 414. In the modality shown, the input of control 414 is electrically connected to controller 410 and takes a remote controller system from shielded housing 402. control input 414 can exchange files between the controller system and controller 410, for example, to communicate a history of triggered switching events capture and control electronics, as well as providing remote activation and reset functionality. Control input 414 can also trigger the execution of one or more self-test procedures configured to simulate potentially harmful signals for monitoring purposes. Controller 410 can, for example, test the switch performance based on the switch indication inputs and the high voltage ground switch indication as described. These self-test procedures are more fully described below.
    [00056] Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure to detect power harmonics in a transformer.
    Petition 870190088627, of 09/09/2019, p. 26/60
    23/30
    Electronics 500 can be used, for example, as a portion of the capture and control electronics 400 in Figure 4, or alternatively as a stand-alone element in situations where harmonic signals are of primary importance (rather than in combination with CC signals). This exemplary embodiment includes a series of capture and control components contained in a shielded housing 502 that is aligned with a plurality of filters 504. These filters are analogous to the filters described in Figure 4. The capture components 501 include a filter 504, a harmonic analyzer 506 and limit detector 508. A filter 504 is electrically connected to a signal line that extends inside the shielded enclosure 502, to reject high energy driven electromagnetic pulses and intentional electromagnetic interference from IEMI. The filter 504 is electrically connected to a harmonic analyzer 506 which produces a signal to a limit detector 508. The limit detector 508 is electrically connected to a controller 510 also contained within the shielded housing 502.
    [00057] In another exemplary modality, only a DC signal would be captured in a transformer neutral to ground the connection, for example, in a situation where DC currents are of primary importance.
    [00058] The present disclosure also includes a communication bus 514 that is electrically connected to controller 510. Communication bus 514 leads to a remote system operator of the shielded enclosure 502. Communication bus 514 can also perform one or more procedures self-test, configured to simulate potentially harmful signals for monitoring purposes. These self-test procedures are more fully described below.
    [00059] In operation, the 506 harmonic analyzer receives a
    Petition 870190088627, of 09/09/2019, p. 27/60
    24/30 voltage signal from a CVT (not shown in the figures) located in one of the phases of the power transformer 12 through a 504 filter. The harmonic analyzer 506 detects power harmonics in a transformer 12. The harmonics detected by the analyzer harmonics 506 are compared to an adjustable predetermined threshold value of a 508 limit detector. If the harmonics exceed the predetermined threshold value of the limit detector 508, the limit detector sends a signal that indicates that the limit value has been exceeded by controller 510 located inside the shielded case 502. In some modalities, the harmonic analyzer, limit detector and controller, are implanted inside a microprocessor. Controller 510 sends a switch indication signal through a filter 504 to open a DC switch, such as switch 204 of Figures 2 and 3, followed by a signal to open a high voltage ground switch 208 to protect the transformer 12 and / or to provide electrical stability to the electrical grid of potentially harmful DC currents in the transformer neutral and to reduce the harmonics in the power line signal.
    [00060] Referring now to Figures 6 to 8, various modalities of capture and control electronics that include a harmonic analyzer usable in the systems of Figures 3 to 5 (for example, as a harmonic analyzer 406). Figure 6 illustrates a first possible modality of a harmonic analyzer 600, usable as harmonic analyzer 406 as shown in Figure 4 or harmonic analyzer 506 as shown in Figure 5 to detect power harmonics in a transformer 12. This modality uses a microprocessor 600 to compute a fast Fourrier Transform (FFT) to detect power harmonics in the power signal 603. This modality includes a microprocessor 800 that contains an FFT 602 calculator and a
    Petition 870190088627, of 09/09/2019, p. 28/60
    25/30 total harmonic distortion 606. The FFT calculator 602 on the microprocessor 600 transforms the signal from the power line 603 into a plurality of frequency signals, which acts as a bank of bandpass filters. The sample rate of the system and the number of points in the FFT are defined so that each of the harmonics of the input signal falls into a different filter compartment, which corresponds to a single output index in the FFT. These 605 signals are separated into frequency bands 607 that correspond to a 60 Hz (or 50 Hz) power frequency harmonic scale that uses bandpass filters within the Fast Fourrier Transform 602 band filter. These harmonics are then used to calculate total harmonic distortion (THD) 609 using a total harmonic distortion calculator 606 on microprocessor 600.
    [00061] This total harmonic distortion signal 609 is then compared to a threshold level predefined in the microprocessor (for example, illustrated as limit detector 608) and if the THD signal exceeds the present level, a signal is sent to open the switch assembly, including the switches 204 and 208.
    [00062] Figure 7 further illustrates a possible modality of a harmonic analyzer 700. Harmonic analyzer 700 can be used in place of harmonic analyzer 406 as shown in Figure 4 or harmonic analyzer 506 as shown in Figure 5, to detect power harmonics in a transformer 12. The harmonic analyzer 700 is electrically connected between a filter 701 and a limit detector 716. Collectively, these components comprise the pickup components 501. This exemplary modality of a harmonic analyzer 700 includes a low-pass filter 702 electrically connected to an amplifier 704 and a phase correction module 706. The output of the phase correction module 706 is connected electrically to an amplifier
    Petition 870190088627, of 09/09/2019, p. 29/60
    26/30 sum pain 708. The sum sum amplifier 708 is connected to a rectifier circuit 709, which adjusts the signal amplitude, which results in a signal 714 proportional to the total harmonic distortion.
    [00063] In operation, this exemplary modality of a harmonic analyzer 700 subtracts a signal from the unfiltered power line 710 from a filtered signal and transferred phase 712, which amplitude is then adjusted to the total harmonic distortion signal output. 714. This example modality includes a low-pass filter 702 configured to filter the noise from an unfiltered power line signal 710. From the low-pass filter, the filtered signal from the power line passes through an amplifier 704 to amplitude adjustment. The signal then passes through a phase correction module 706 configured to synchronize the phase of the adjusted amplitude and filtered signal. The filtered signal, adjusted by amplitude and alternated by phase 712, is then compared to the signal of the unfiltered power line 710 in a summation amplifier 708. The summation amplifier 608 subtracts the two signals at the output of the harmonics of the power line 714 of the power line signal. The harmonic signal of the power line is then rectified in the rectifier circuit 709 to produce a voltage proportional to the THD in the power line. The total harmonic distortion signal 714 is then sent to a limit detector 716 for comparison to the total harmonic distortion as explained above in connection with Figure 5.
    [00064] Figure 8 illustrates another possible modality of a harmonic analyzer 800, usable as harmonic analyzer 406 as shown in Figure 4 or harmonic analyzer 506 as shown in Figure 5 to detect power harmonics in a transformer 12. The analyzer harmonic 800 includes a power line signal electrically connected to a low pass filter 801 and a limit detector 812. This exemplary mode
    Petition 870190088627, of 09/09/2019, p. 30/60
    27/30 va of a harmonic analyzer 800 includes a low-pass filter 802 electrically connected to a phase-locked sinusoidal oscillator 804. Oscillator 804 is used to produce a clean signal lacking harmonic content, which replicates the signal from the line 60 Hz power (or alternatively 50 Hz). An amplitude adjustment circuit 808 adjusts the output of oscillator 804 to match the estimated signal frequency of the power line. The output of the set amplitude, the phase locked sinusoidal oscillator 804 (from the amplitude correction circuit 808) is electrically connected to a summation amplifier 810. Finally, the output of the summation amplifier 810 is connected to a rectifier 811 for produce an 818 signal that is proportional to the total harmonic distortion (THD) on the power line. Collectively, these components comprise 801 capture components.
    [00065] This exemplary modality is similar to the harmonic analyzer 706 in Figure 7, however, it uses a sinusoidal oscillator locked in phase 808 to generate a clean 120V, 60 Hz (or 240 V, 50 Hz) reference signal that is subtracted from the unfiltered power line signal 814. This alternative mode includes a low-pass filter 802 configured to filter out the noise and harmonics of an unfiltered power line signal 814. The filtered signal is then used as an input reference signal for a phase locked sinusoidal oscillator 804. The phase locked sinusoidal oscillator 804 generates a clean 120V, 60 Hz signal 816 that is compared to the unfiltered power line signal 814 on a summing amplifier 810. The amplifier summation 810 and rectifier 811 output signal 818 which is proportional to the total harmonic distortion in the power line signal 814 and which is sent to a limit detector 812.
    [00066] Figure 9 illustrates a possible modality of a limit detector 900, which can be used as the limit detector 408 with
    Petition 870190088627, of 09/09/2019, p. 31/60
    28/30 as shown in Figure 4 or 508 limit detector as shown in Figure 5 to compare power harmonics and DC currents in a transformer 12. This exemplary modality of a limit detector receives harmonics or near DC currents from a rectifier (for example, example, rectifier 709 of Figure 7 or 811 of Figure 8) which is electrically connected to a comparator 904. Comparator 904 is electrically connected to a reference generator 906 and a conservation and reset circuit 908. The conservation and reset circuit 908 produces a signal to an electrically connected controller 910 that is located external to limit detector 900.
    [00067] In operation, the limit detector receives harmonics or near-DC currents from a power line signal input or a 406 harmonic analyzer. Comparator 904 compares rectified signal 903 to a reference signal 907. Comparator 904 receives the reference signal 907 from an adjustable reference generator 906 that defines an acceptable harmonic distortion for transformer 12. By comparing the reference signal 907 and the input signal 903, comparator 904 generates a signal that can be captured on a 908 conservation and reset circuit. The captured signal is then sent to a controller 910 that can be used to drive a switch 204 as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
    [00068] Figure 10 represents an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure of Figure 4, but additionally includes self-test characteristics to ensure the proper operation of the system. This embodiment of the present disclosure includes a self-test DC voltage source 1012, a harmonic self-test source 1014, the self-test EM detector source 1016 and the self-test AC voltage source 1018 located inside the shielded housing 402. In some embodiments , these self-test characteristics are automatically triggered on a periodic basis by controller 410. These
    Petition 870190088627, of 09/09/2019, p. 32/60
    29/30 self-test features can also be triggered by a user who operates a control system located at a remote site of the 402 shielded enclosure.
    [00069] A self-test AC voltage source 1018 generates an AC signal with a frequency different from that received at transformer 12. The AC voltage exits the shielded housing 402 through a filter 1004 and is applied to the transformer neutral 10. The electrical protection circuit 200 as shown in Figure 2, in its normal operating mode, measures the magnitude of the current that crosses a DC blocking device 210 based on the known amplitude of the AC signal generated by the AC voltage source 1018. Controller 410 compares the magnitude of the DC 210 blocking device to an expected value to determine whether the DC 210 blocking component is operating accurately.
    [00070] Another self-test function in the present disclosure is a self-test DC voltage source 1012 that generates a direct current designed to simulate a direct current in the transformer neutral 10 for a ground connection 14. The generated direct current is outside the normal operating range of direct current at transformer neutral 10 for ground connection 14. Direct current generated by the self-test DC voltage source 1012 exits the shielded housing 402 through a filter 1004 and re-enters the shielded housing 402 through the DC signal input. The generated signal is then passed through a limit detector 408 for comparison to a known value that is acceptable for transformer 10. If the capture and control system 1000 is functioning properly, controller 410 will trigger an indication signal that will come out of the shielded housing 402 through a filter 404 to open a switch 204 in the electrical protection circuit 200. If controller 410 does not open switch 204, controller 410 sends
    Petition 870190088627, of 09/09/2019, p. 33/60
    30/30 will display an error message to a remote external control system for the 402 shielded enclosure.
    [00071] Another self-test function in the present disclosure is a 1014 harmonic self-test source that generates a harmonic signal designed to simulate undesirable harmonics in a power line signal. The generated harmonic signal leaves shielded housing 402 through a filter 1005 and re-enters shielded housing 402 through the power line signal input. The signal is passed through a 406 harmonic analyzer that compares the generated harmonic signal to a known and acceptable frequency. If the capture and control system 1000 is operating properly, controller 410 will trigger an indication signal that will exit the shielded housing 402 through a filter 404 to open a switch 204 in electrical protection circuit 200 as shown in Figure 2. If controller 410 does not open switch 204, controller 410 will send an error message to an external remote control system to the shielded housing 402.
    [00072] The specification, examples and data above provide a complete description of the manufacture and use of the composition of the invention. As long as many embodiments of the invention can be carried out without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention consists of the appended claims hereafter.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1]
    1. System (310, 400, 500, 1000) for detecting potentially harmful electromagnetic signals, including high direct currents in a transformer neutral (10) and harmonics of a primary power frequency, characterized by the fact that it comprises:
    a plurality of detection components (406, 206, 412) electrically connected to one or more electrical signal lines exiting one or more connection points in an electrical grid;
    a plurality of limit detectors (408a-c, 508), each limit detector being configured to compare an input signal from a selected detection component from the plurality of detection components (406, 206, 412) to a predetermined signal that has a limit;
    a controller (312, 410, 510, 910) receiving an emission from each of a plurality of limit detectors (408ac, 508), the controller being configured to trigger at least one external component in response to receiving an indication at least one of a plurality of limit detectors (408a-c, 508) of a harmonic or direct current signal detected above a limit; and a shielded housing (402) having an internal volume housing at least a plurality of limit detectors (408a-c, 508) and the controller (312, 410, 510, 910), the shielded housing (402) being configured to protect the internal volume of electromagnetic interference.
    [2]
    2. System according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the plurality of detection components (406, 206, 412) is selected from a group of detectors consisting of:
    a harmonic analyzer (406, 506, 600, 700, 800);
    Petition 870190088627, of 09/09/2019, p. 35/60
    2/5 a shunt resistor (206) electrically connected between the transformer neutral (10) and a ground;
    a Hall effect current sensor connected via a grounding line, the grounding line being connected between the transformer neutral (10) and a ground; and an electromagnetic field detector (412).
    [3]
    3. System, according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that it comprises:
    a plurality of filters (322, 404, 504) positioned along a periphery of the shielded housing (402) and connected to the electrical signal lines, the electrical signal lines extending to the internal volume from the outside of the housing shielded (402), the filters being configured to prevent high frequency and high power electromagnetic signals from entering the shielded housing (402).
    [4]
    4. System, according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the harmonic analyzer (406, 506, 600, 700, 800) is positioned inside the shielded housing (402).
    [5]
    5. System, according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the bypass resistor (206) is positioned externally to the shielded housing (402).
    [6]
    6. System according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the Hall effect current sensor is positioned externally to the shielded housing (402).
    [7]
    7. System according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the electromagnetic field detector is positioned outside the shielded housing (402).
    [8]
    8. System according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the controller (312, 410, 510, 910) is configured to open a normally closed switch (204) connected between the
    Petition 870190088627, of 09/09/2019, p. 36/60
    3/5 transformer neutral (10) and a ground connection (14).
    [9]
    9. System, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the controller (312, 410, 510, 910) is configured to open the normally closed switch by receiving a signal from any one of a plurality of limit detectors (408a-c, 508) that indicate that a harmonic or direct current signal above a limit has been detected at the transformer neutral (10).
    [10]
    10. System according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the indication received from at least one of a plurality of limit detectors (408a-c, 508) represents a detected direct or harmonic current signal or an electromagnetic pulse above a limit associated with that limit detector.
    [11]
    11. System according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that each limit detector has a different associated limit.
    [12]
    12. System according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that each different associated limit is adjustable.
    [13]
    13. System, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it also comprises an input comprising a control input electrically connected to the controller (312, 410, 510, 910), with the control input being received system operator positioned remotely from the shielded enclosure.
    [14]
    14. System, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the controller (312, 410, 510, 910) is configured to perform one or more self-test procedures, and the self-test procedures are configured to confirm that the system operates as expected in the event of damage from degrading events.
    Petition 870190088627, of 09/09/2019, p. 37/60
    4/5
    [15]
    15. System, according to claim 14, characterized by the fact that the one or more self-test procedures are selected from a group of procedures consisting of:
    apply an alternating current signal to the transformer, the alternating current signal having a different frequency than the frequency of the power system;
    apply a harmonic signal to a harmonic analyzer (406, 506, 600, 700, 800), with the harmonic signal having an amplitude above the predetermined limit defined by a limit detector associated with the harmonic analyzer (406, 506 , 600, 700, 800), with the limit defining a range of amplitudes;
    apply a direct current voltage (DC) signal to the transformer neutral (10) to simulate the direct current received at the transformer neutral (10) and apply an electromagnetic detector (EM) signal, with the EM signal having an amplitude above the pre-configured limit defined by a limit detector, the limit defining a range of amplitudes.
    [16]
    16. Self-test method operable in a system to detect damaging or degrading events in a transformer neutral (10), characterized by the fact that it comprises:
    apply an alternating current signal to a transformer, the alternating current signal having a different frequency than the frequency of the power system;
    measuring a functionality and magnitude of a blocking characteristic of a direct current (DC) blocking component based on a known amplitude of the alternating current signal and a current measurement through the directing blocking component;
    compare the magnitude of the blocking characteristics of the
    Petition 870190088627, of 09/09/2019, p. 38/60
    5/5 dc blocking component (dc) to an expected value to determine the precise operation of the dc blocking component (dc);
    apply a harmonic signal to a power line signal, and the harmonic signal has an amplitude above the pre-configured limit defined by a limit detector associated with a harmonic analyzer (406, 506, 600, 700, 800), and the limit defines a range of amplitudes;
    analyze the harmonic signal on the harmonic analyzer (406, 506, 600, 700, 800) to determine whether the harmonic analyzer (406, 506, 600, 700, 800) detects the presence of the harmonic signal;
    applying a DC voltage signal to the transformer neutral (10) to simulate the direct current flowing between the transformer neutral (10) and a ground; and apply an electromagnetic detector (EM) signal, the EM signal having an amplitude above the pre-configured limit defined by a limit detector, the limit defining a range of amplitudes.
    [17]
    17. Method, according to claim 16, characterized by the fact that it also comprises generating in a controller (312, 410, 510, 910) a control signal in reaction to the detection of one or more of the current signal alternating current, the harmonic signal, the direct current signal and the electromagnetic detector signal.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20120019962A1|2012-01-26|
    CA2805587C|2018-12-04|
    US8537508B2|2013-09-17|
    CN103201919B|2016-08-17|
    WO2012012517A2|2012-01-26|
    BR112013001343A2|2016-05-17|
    DK2596561T3|2016-07-25|
    CN103201919A|2013-07-10|
    MX2013000743A|2013-07-05|
    AU2011282204B2|2015-09-03|
    WO2012012517A3|2012-09-13|
    JP2013539336A|2013-10-17|
    EP2596561B1|2016-04-06|
    AU2011282204A1|2013-02-07|
    HK1186005A1|2014-02-28|
    CA2805587A1|2012-01-26|
    IL224227A|2016-04-21|
    EP2596561A2|2013-05-29|
    KR20130132397A|2013-12-04|
    KR102035752B1|2019-10-23|
    JP5901631B2|2016-04-13|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-26| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-07-09| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|
    2019-12-17| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-02-27| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 20/07/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US36608110P| true| 2010-07-20|2010-07-20|
    US61/366,081|2010-07-20|
    PCT/US2011/044658|WO2012012517A2|2010-07-20|2011-07-20|Sensing and control electronics for a power grid protection system|
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